Current Trends of Resistance Among Gram Negative and Gram Positive Bacteria Isolated from Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Nosocomial infections (NIs) following antimicrobial resistance has become serious public health concern across the world. It affects the length of hospital stay and cost burden on the health care system. Rapid increase in resistance against commonly used antibiotics results in emergence of multi-drug resistant organisms. This study was conducted to assess the current resistance pattern of gram positive and gram negative bacteria isolated from clinical samples of a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This retrospective study was done at CMH Sialkot over the period of six months. All types of clinical samples were included and were processed by using standard microbiological procedures. Organisms were identified by using different biochemical tests. AST were performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on MH agar according to CLSI guidelines.
Results: Total 402 organisms were isolated among which 57% were gram positive while 43% were Gram negative bacteria. MRSA (31%) was most prevalent in Gram positive bacteria while E.Coli(50%) was found to be most common in Gram negative bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria showed maximum resistance against Fluoroquinolones, while Co-trimoxazole and Cephalosporins were least susceptible against Gram-negative bacteria.
Conclusion: Because of the clinical burden and importance of nosocomial infections, antibiotic usage policies should be considered and implemented on a priority basis in the agenda of the infection control committees of hospitals.
Key words: Nosocomial infections, antimicrobial sensitivity testing, Mueller-Hinton agar, Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute.