Association of serum Sodium with mortality in patients of Congestive heart failure
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59058/jaimc.v21i4.179Keywords:
serum sodium, prognostic, indicator, mortality, congestive heart failureAbstract
Background and Objectives: Heart failure (HF) is associated with considerable mortality and morbidity. Electrolyte levels are considered to play crucial role in determining the outcome in these patients. This study was conducted to determine the association of serum Sodium with mortality in patients of Congestive Cardiac failure.
Methods: It was an observational study conducted in Department of Medicine, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore from 22-12-2021 to 22-6-2022. Sample of 100 patients included. Patients aged between 30-70 years, both genders with congestive heart failure were included in the study and were divided in two groups based on their serum sodium levels. (Group I: with serum sodium level <135 mEq/L). Group II: with serum sodium level ≥ 135 mEq/L. They were followed up during their in-hospital stay and mortality was noted in a predesigned proforma. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0, and crude Relative risk calculated.
Results: Patients in exposed group had 52% mortality rate as compared to unexposed group in which mortality rate was only 18% respective crude(RR=2.88). Similarly, elderly patients (Relative Risk=3.23), Male patients (Relative Risk= 3.37), Overweight patients (Relative Risk=3.54), non-diabetic patients (Relative Risk=3.50), hypertensive patients (Relative Risk=2.95), ischemic heart disease patients (Relative Risk=4.12), Smoker (Relative risk=4.41) and duration of congestive HF (Relative Risk= 3.03) had higher risk for mortality.
Conclusion: Results obtained from this study showed that low serum sodium level had a significant effect on patients of congestive HF in terms of mortality. Keeping its prognostic importance, congestive HF patients should be strictly monitored for electrolyte imbalance.
Key Words: Serum sodium, Prognostic, Indicator, Mortality, Congestive Heart Failure.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Aiman Nadeem, Rashid Iqbal, Adnan Ahmad Ather, Sohail Bashir Sulehria, Muhammad Aftab
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The articles published in this journal come under creative commons licence Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) which allows to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially under following terms.
-
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
The editorial board of the Journal strives hard for the authenticity and accuracy of the material published in the Journal. However, findings and statements are views of the authors and do not necessarily represent views of the Editorial Board. Many software like (Google Maps, Google Earth, Biorender (free version)) restricts the free distribution of materials prepared using these softwares. Therefore, authors are strongly advised to check the license/copyright information of the software used to prepare maps/images. In case of publication of copyright material, the correction will be published in one of the subsequent issues of the Journal, and the authors will bear the printing cost.
